O angel!Bear, O Michael of great miracles,
To the Lord my plaint.
Hearest thou?
Ask of forgiving God Forgiveness of all my vast evil.
Delay not!
Carry my fervent prayer
To the King, the great King!
To my soul
Bring help, bring comfort
At the hour of its leaving earth.
Stoutly
To meet my expectant soul
Come with many thousand angels!
O Soldier!
Against the crooked, wicked, militant world Come to my help in earnest!
Do not Disdain what I say!
As long as I live do not desert me!
Thee I choose,
That thou mayst save my soul,
My mind,
my sense, my body.
O thou of goodly counsels,
Victorious, triumphant one,
Angelic slayer of the Anti-Christ.
Saint Michael the Archangel,
defend us in battle;be our protection against the wickedness
and snares of the devil.
May God rebuke him, we humbly pray:
and do thou, O Prince of the heavenly host,
by the power of God,thrust into hell Satan and all the evil spirits
who prowl about the world seeking the ruin of souls.
Amen.
O glorious prince St. Michael,
chief and commander of the heavenly hosts,
guardian of souls, vanquisher of rebel spirits,
servant in the house of the Divine King
and our admirable conductor,
you who shine with excellenceand superhuman virtue deliver us from all evil,
who turn to you with confidence
and enable us by your gracious protection
to serve God more and more faithfully every day.
Amen.
Ask of forgiving God Forgiveness of all my vast evil.
Delay not!
Carry my fervent prayer
To the King, the great King!
To my soul
Bring help, bring comfort
At the hour of its leaving earth.
Stoutly
To meet my expectant soul
Come with many thousand angels!
O Soldier!
Against the crooked, wicked, militant world Come to my help in earnest!
Do not Disdain what I say!
As long as I live do not desert me!
Thee I choose,
That thou mayst save my soul,
My mind,
my sense, my body.
O thou of goodly counsels,
Victorious, triumphant one,
Angelic slayer of the Anti-Christ.
Saint Michael the Archangel,
and snares of the devil.
May God rebuke him, we humbly pray:and do thou, O Prince of the heavenly host,
by the power of God,thrust into hell Satan and all the evil spirits
who prowl about the world seeking the ruin of souls.
Amen.
O glorious prince St. Michael,
chief and commander of the heavenly hosts,
guardian of souls, vanquisher of rebel spirits,
servant in the house of the Divine King
and our admirable conductor,
you who shine with excellenceand superhuman virtue deliver us from all evil,
who turn to you with confidence
and enable us by your gracious protection
to serve God more and more faithfully every day.
Amen.
"Whenever any grievous temptation or vehement sorrow oppresses thee, invoke thy guardian, thy leader, cry out to him, and say, Lord, save us, lest we perish!"
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The Medieval Inquisition is a series of Inquisitions
(Catholic Church bodies charged with suppressing heresy)
from
around 1184,
including the Episcopal Inquisition (1184-1230s)
and
later the Papal Inquisition (1230s).
It was in response to large popular movements throughout Europe considered apostate or heretical to Christianity, in particular Catharism and Waldensians in southern France and northern Italy.
These were the first inquisition movements of many that would follow.
The Medieval Inquisitions were in response to growing religious movements, in particular the Cathars first noted in the 1140s and the Waldensians starting around 1170, in southern France and northern Italy. Individual
"Heretics",
such as Peter of Bruis, had often challenged the Church.
However, the Cathars were the first mass heretical organization in the second millennium that posed a serious threat to the authority of the Church.
This article covers only these early inquisitions, not the Roman Inquisition of the 16th century onwards, or the somewhat different phenomenon of the Spanish Inquisition, which was under the control of the Spanish monarchy, though using local clergy.
The Portuguese Inquisition and various colonial branches followed the same pattern.
All major medieval inquisitions were decentralized.
Authority rested with local officials based on guidelines from the Holy See, but there was no central top-down authority running the inquisitions, as would be the case in post-medieval inquisitions.
Thus there were many different types of inquisitions depending on the location and methods;
historians have generally classified them into the episcopal inquisition and the papal inquisition.
The first medieval inquisition, the episcopal inquisition, was established in the year 1184 by a papal bull entitled Ad abolendam,
"For the purpose of doing away with."
The inquisition was in response to the growing Catharist heresy in southern France.
It is called
"episcopal"
because it was administered by local bishops, which in Latin is episcopus.
In the 1230s,
Pope Gregory IX
responded to the failures of the episcopal inquisition with a series of papal bulls which became the papal inquisition.
The
papal inquisition
was staffed by professionals, trained specifically for the job.
Individuals were chosen from different orders and secular clergy, but primarily they came from the Dominican Order.
The Dominicans were favored for their history of anti-heresy.
As mendicants, they were accustomed to travel.
Unlike the haphazard episcopal methods, the papal inquisition was thorough and systematic, keeping detailed records.
Some documents from the Middle Ages involving first-person speech by medieval peasants come from papal inquisition records.
In northern Europe the Inquisition was somewhat more benign:
in the Scandinavian countries it had hardly any impact until the Spanish Inquisition when the Spanish Kings used this to kill many who did not agree with the Spanish crown.
It existed in the kingdom of Aragon during this period, but not elsewhere in the Iberian peninsula.
The Inquisition was never instituted in England, but Christopher Columbus carried it with him to the
New World.
.jpg){kind=spacer}
The Medieval Inquisition is a series of Inquisitions(Catholic Church bodies charged with suppressing heresy)
from
around 1184,
including the Episcopal Inquisition (1184-1230s)
and
later the Papal Inquisition (1230s).
It was in response to large popular movements throughout Europe considered apostate or heretical to Christianity, in particular Catharism and Waldensians in southern France and northern Italy.
These were the first inquisition movements of many that would follow.
The Medieval Inquisitions were in response to growing religious movements, in particular the Cathars first noted in the 1140s and the Waldensians starting around 1170, in southern France and northern Italy. Individual
"Heretics",
such as Peter of Bruis, had often challenged the Church.
However, the Cathars were the first mass heretical organization in the second millennium that posed a serious threat to the authority of the Church.
This article covers only these early inquisitions, not the Roman Inquisition of the 16th century onwards, or the somewhat different phenomenon of the Spanish Inquisition, which was under the control of the Spanish monarchy, though using local clergy.
The Portuguese Inquisition and various colonial branches followed the same pattern.
All major medieval inquisitions were decentralized.
Authority rested with local officials based on guidelines from the Holy See, but there was no central top-down authority running the inquisitions, as would be the case in post-medieval inquisitions.
Thus there were many different types of inquisitions depending on the location and methods;
historians have generally classified them into the episcopal inquisition and the papal inquisition.
The first medieval inquisition, the episcopal inquisition, was established in the year 1184 by a papal bull entitled Ad abolendam,
"For the purpose of doing away with."
The inquisition was in response to the growing Catharist heresy in southern France.
It is called
"episcopal"
because it was administered by local bishops, which in Latin is episcopus.
In the 1230s,
Pope Gregory IX
responded to the failures of the episcopal inquisition with a series of papal bulls which became the papal inquisition.
The
papal inquisition
was staffed by professionals, trained specifically for the job.
Individuals were chosen from different orders and secular clergy, but primarily they came from the Dominican Order.
The Dominicans were favored for their history of anti-heresy.
As mendicants, they were accustomed to travel.
Unlike the haphazard episcopal methods, the papal inquisition was thorough and systematic, keeping detailed records.
Some documents from the Middle Ages involving first-person speech by medieval peasants come from papal inquisition records.
In northern Europe the Inquisition was somewhat more benign:
in the Scandinavian countries it had hardly any impact until the Spanish Inquisition when the Spanish Kings used this to kill many who did not agree with the Spanish crown.
It existed in the kingdom of Aragon during this period, but not elsewhere in the Iberian peninsula.
The Inquisition was never instituted in England, but Christopher Columbus carried it with him to the
New World.
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